835 lines
35 KiB
JavaScript
835 lines
35 KiB
JavaScript
// High-utility A2/B1 German Vocabulary specifically curated to bridge the "Duolingo plateau"
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// Covers practical everyday life, bureaucracy, health, housing, socializing, separable verbs, and connectors.
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window.INITIAL_VOCABULARY = [
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// === PRACTICAL LIFE & BUREAUCRACY (Alltag & Behörden) ===
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{
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id: "v1",
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word: "Vereinbarung",
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article: "die",
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plural: "die Vereinbarungen",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Everyday & Bureaucracy",
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english: "agreement / appointment / arrangement",
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breakdown: "vereinbaren (to agree upon) + -ung (noun suffix, always feminine 'die')",
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forms: "nach Vereinbarung (by appointment)",
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exampleDe: "Wir haben eine klare Vereinbarung mit dem Vermieter getroffen.",
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exampleEn: "We made a clear agreement with the landlord.",
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clozeSentence: "Termine sind nur nach vorheriger ___ möglich.",
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clozeAnswer: "Vereinbarung",
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usageTip: "Often seen on store or office doors as 'Termine nach Vereinbarung' (Appointments by arrangement)."
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},
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{
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id: "v2",
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word: "vereinbaren",
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article: null,
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plural: null,
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pos: "verb",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Everyday & Bureaucracy",
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english: "to arrange / to schedule (an appointment)",
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breakdown: "ver- (inseparable prefix) + ein + bar + -en",
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forms: "vereinbart • vereinbarte • hat vereinbart",
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exampleDe: "Ich möchte gerne einen Termin beim Zahnarzt vereinbaren.",
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exampleEn: "I would like to schedule an appointment at the dentist.",
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clozeSentence: "Können wir für nächste Woche einen neuen Termin ___?",
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clozeAnswer: "vereinbaren",
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usageTip: "Much more natural in German than 'machen' when talking about official or medical appointments ('einen Termin vereinbaren')."
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},
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{
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id: "v3",
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word: "Anmeldung",
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article: "die",
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plural: "die Anmeldungen",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Everyday & Bureaucracy",
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english: "registration (especially address or course registration)",
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breakdown: "anmelden (to register) + -ung (always feminine 'die')",
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forms: "die Wohnungsanmeldung",
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exampleDe: "Für das Bankkonto brauche ich die Bestätigung meiner Anmeldung.",
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exampleEn: "For the bank account I need the confirmation of my address registration.",
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clozeSentence: "Beim Bürgeramt dauert die ___ manchmal mehrere Wochen.",
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clozeAnswer: "Anmeldung",
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usageTip: "In Germany, registering your address at the Bürgeramt ('die Anmeldung') within 14 days of moving is a key life event."
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},
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{
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id: "v4",
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word: "verschieben",
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article: null,
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plural: null,
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pos: "verb",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Everyday & Bureaucracy",
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english: "to postpone / to reschedule / to move",
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breakdown: "ver- (inseparable prefix) + schieben (to push)",
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forms: "verschiebt • verschob • hat verschoben",
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exampleDe: "Leider muss ich unseren Termin auf Freitag verschieben.",
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exampleEn: "Unfortunately I have to postpone our appointment to Friday.",
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clozeSentence: "Wegen der Erkältung musste er das Treffen auf nächste Woche ___.",
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clozeAnswer: "verschieben",
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usageTip: "Use with 'auf + Accusative' for time: 'den Termin auf morgen verschieben'."
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},
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{
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id: "v5",
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word: "absagen",
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article: null,
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plural: null,
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pos: "verb (separable)",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Everyday & Bureaucracy",
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english: "to cancel (an appointment, event, or visit)",
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breakdown: "ab- (separable prefix: off/away) + sagen (to say)",
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forms: "sagt ab • sagte ab • hat abgesagt",
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exampleDe: "Ich muss den Termin heute leider kurzfristig absagen.",
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exampleEn: "Unfortunately I have to cancel the appointment today on short notice.",
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clozeSentence: "Wenn du nicht kommen kannst, ___ bitte rechtzeitig ___!",
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clozeAnswer: "sag ab",
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usageTip: "Use 'absagen' for appointments, meetings, and parties. Use 'stornieren' for bookings, flights, or hotel reservations."
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},
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{
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id: "v6",
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word: "Unterlagen",
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article: "die (Pl.)",
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plural: "die Unterlagen",
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pos: "noun (plural)",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Everyday & Bureaucracy",
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english: "documents / paperwork / records",
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breakdown: "unter (under) + Lage (layer/position) — almost always used in plural",
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forms: "Bewerbungsunterlagen (application documents)",
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exampleDe: "Bitte bringen Sie alle wichtigen Unterlagen zum Termin mit.",
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exampleEn: "Please bring all important documents with you to the appointment.",
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clozeSentence: "Hast du schon alle ___ für das Finanzamt zusammengesucht?",
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clozeAnswer: "Unterlagen",
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usageTip: "Germans rarely say 'Dokumente' in everyday bureaucracy; 'die Unterlagen' is the go-to word for your folder of official papers."
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},
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{
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id: "v7",
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word: "Bescheid",
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article: "der",
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plural: "die Bescheide",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Everyday & Bureaucracy",
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english: "notification / official notice (idiom: 'Bescheid sagen/wissen')",
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breakdown: "Related to 'bescheiden' (to inform/assign)",
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forms: "Bescheid sagen (to let someone know) • Bescheid wissen (to be aware)",
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exampleDe: "Sag mir bitte kurz Bescheid, wenn du gut zu Hause angekommen bist.",
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exampleEn: "Please let me know briefly when you've arrived home safely.",
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clozeSentence: "Ich gebe dir morgen ___, ob es bei mir klappt.",
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clozeAnswer: "Bescheid",
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usageTip: "Essential everyday expressions: 'Bescheid sagen / geben' (let someone know) and 'Ich weiß Bescheid' (I know / got it)."
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},
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{
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id: "v8",
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word: "beantragen",
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article: null,
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plural: null,
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pos: "verb",
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level: "B1",
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category: "Everyday & Bureaucracy",
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english: "to apply for (officially: passport, visa, permit)",
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breakdown: "be- + Antrag (application) + -en",
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forms: "beantragt • beantragte • hat beantragt",
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exampleDe: "Ich muss diesen Monat unbedingt einen neuen Reisepass beantragen.",
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exampleEn: "I definitely have to apply for a new passport this month.",
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clozeSentence: "Wo kann man in dieser Stadt ein neues Visum ___?",
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clozeAnswer: "beantragen",
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usageTip: "Use 'beantragen' for official things (Pass, Visum, Urlaub). For jobs, use 'sich bewerben um'."
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},
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// === HOUSING, SHOPPING & DAILY ERRANDS (Wohnen & Einkaufen) ===
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{
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id: "v9",
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word: "Miete",
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article: "die",
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plural: "die Mieten",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Housing & Errands",
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english: "rent",
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breakdown: "Warmmiete (rent incl. utilities) vs. Kaltmiete (base rent)",
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forms: "zur Miete wohnen (to rent)",
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exampleDe: "In den großen Städten ist die Miete in den letzten Jahren stark gestiegen.",
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exampleEn: "In the big cities, rent has risen sharply in recent years.",
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clozeSentence: "Überweist du die ___ immer am ersten Tag des Monats?",
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clozeAnswer: "Miete",
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usageTip: "Know the difference: 'Kaltmiete' (base rent) + 'Nebenkosten' (utilities/fees) = 'Warmmiete' (total rent)."
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},
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{
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id: "v10",
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word: "Nebenkosten",
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article: "die (Pl.)",
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plural: "die Nebenkosten",
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pos: "noun (plural)",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Housing & Errands",
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english: "utility costs / additional housing expenses",
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breakdown: "neben (beside/additional) + Kosten (costs)",
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forms: "die Nebenkostenabrechnung (annual utility bill statement)",
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exampleDe: "Sind Strom und Heizung schon in den Nebenkosten enthalten?",
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exampleEn: "Are electricity and heating already included in the utility costs?",
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clozeSentence: "Die Wohnung kostet 750 Euro kalt plus 200 Euro ___.",
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clozeAnswer: "Nebenkosten",
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usageTip: "Electricity ('Strom') and internet are usually paid separately in Germany, even when 'Nebenkosten' are included!"
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},
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{
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id: "v11",
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word: "Kassenbon",
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article: "der",
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plural: "die Kassenbons",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Housing & Errands",
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english: "receipt (at a store or supermarket)",
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breakdown: "Kasse (checkout/register) + Bon (voucher/slip)",
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forms: "Synonym: der Beleg / die Quittung",
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exampleDe: "Brauchen Sie den Kassenbon, oder kann der weg?",
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exampleEn: "Do you need the receipt, or can I throw it away?",
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clozeSentence: "Ohne den ___ können wir die Jacke leider nicht umtauschen.",
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clozeAnswer: "Kassenbon",
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usageTip: "At every German supermarket checkout, you'll hear: 'Brauchen Sie den Bon / Beleg?'"
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},
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{
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id: "v12",
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word: "umtauschen",
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article: null,
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plural: null,
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pos: "verb (separable)",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Housing & Errands",
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english: "to exchange / return (an item at a store)",
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breakdown: "um- (separable: around/change) + tauschen (to swap)",
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forms: "tauscht um • tauschte um • hat umgetauscht",
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exampleDe: "Der Pullover ist mir zu klein; ich möchte ihn gerne umtauschen.",
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exampleEn: "The sweater is too small for me; I would like to exchange it.",
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clozeSentence: "Kann ich diese Schuhe innerhalb von 14 Tagen ___?",
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clozeAnswer: "umtauschen",
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usageTip: "Noun form: 'der Umtausch' ('Vom Umtausch ausgeschlossen' = Final sale / no exchanges)."
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},
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{
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id: "v13",
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word: "Besichtigung",
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article: "die",
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plural: "die Besichtigungen",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Housing & Errands",
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english: "viewing / inspection / sightseeing tour",
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breakdown: "besichtigen (to view/inspect) + -ung (feminine)",
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forms: "die Wohnungsbesichtigung (apartment viewing)",
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exampleDe: "Am Samstag haben wir endlich eine Besichtigung für eine Dreizimmerwohnung.",
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exampleEn: "On Saturday we finally have a viewing for a three-room apartment.",
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clozeSentence: "Zur ___ der Wohnung kamen über dreißig Interessenten.",
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clozeAnswer: "Besichtigung",
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usageTip: "Used both for apartments ('Wohnungsbesichtigung') and tourist sights ('Stadtbesichtigung')."
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},
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{
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id: "v14",
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word: "Schlange",
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article: "die",
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plural: "die Schlangen",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Housing & Errands",
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english: "queue / line (also: snake)",
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breakdown: "Schlange stehen (to stand in line / queue up)",
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forms: "die Warteschlange (waiting line)",
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exampleDe: "Vor der Bäckerei stand heute Morgen eine lange Schlange.",
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exampleEn: "In front of the bakery there was a long line this morning.",
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clozeSentence: "An der Kasse mussten wir fast zehn Minuten in der ___ stehen.",
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clozeAnswer: "Schlange",
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usageTip: "When a second cash register opens in Germany, people rush when they hear: 'Wir öffnen Kasse zwei!'"
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},
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{
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id: "v15",
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word: "Pfand",
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article: "das",
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plural: "die Pfänder (rare)",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Housing & Errands",
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english: "bottle/container deposit",
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breakdown: "Pfandflasche (deposit bottle) • Pfandbon (deposit voucher)",
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forms: "Pfand zurückgeben (to return deposit bottles)",
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exampleDe: "Vergiss nicht, den Pfandbon an der Kasse abzugeben!",
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exampleEn: "Don't forget to hand in the deposit slip at the checkout!",
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clozeSentence: "Auf diese Glasflasche gibt es 15 Cent ___.",
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clozeAnswer: "Pfand",
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usageTip: "In German supermarkets, you feed empty bottles into the 'Pfandautomat' and get a 'Pfandbon' to deduct from your groceries."
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},
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// === HEALTH & WELLBEING (Gesundheit & Körper) ===
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{
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id: "v16",
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word: "Krankenkasse",
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article: "die",
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plural: "die Krankenkassen",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Health & Wellbeing",
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english: "health insurance provider (statutory)",
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breakdown: "Kranken (sick people's) + Kasse (fund/register)",
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forms: "die Krankenversicherung (health insurance in general)",
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exampleDe: "Welche Krankenkasse kannst du in Deutschland empfehlen?",
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exampleEn: "Which health insurance provider can you recommend in Germany?",
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clozeSentence: "Übernimmt deine ___ die Kosten für diese Behandlung?",
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clozeAnswer: "Krankenkasse",
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usageTip: "At a doctor's office, the receptionist will always ask for your 'Versichertenkarte' (health insurance card)."
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},
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{
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id: "v17",
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word: "Rezept",
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article: "das",
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plural: "die Rezepte",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Health & Wellbeing",
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english: "prescription (medical) OR recipe (cooking)",
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breakdown: "rezeptfrei (over-the-counter) vs. rezeptpflichtig (prescription-only)",
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forms: "ein Rezept einlösen (to fill a prescription)",
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exampleDe: "Für dieses Medikament brauchen Sie ein Rezept vom Arzt.",
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exampleEn: "For this medication you need a prescription from the doctor.",
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clozeSentence: "Ich gehe kurz in die Apotheke, um mein ___ einzulösen.",
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clozeAnswer: "Rezept",
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usageTip: "Context tells you whether 'das Rezept' means a doctor's prescription or a cake recipe!"
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},
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{
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id: "v18",
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word: "Krankschreibung",
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article: "die",
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plural: "die Krankschreibungen",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "B1",
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category: "Health & Wellbeing",
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english: "sick note / medical certificate for work",
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breakdown: "krank (sick) + Schreibung (writing/note)",
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forms: "sich krankschreiben lassen (to get a sick note from a doctor)",
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exampleDe: "Ab dem dritten Tag braucht mein Arbeitgeber eine Krankschreibung.",
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exampleEn: "Starting on the third day, my employer needs a sick note.",
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clozeSentence: "Die Ärztin hat mir eine ___ für die ganze Woche gegeben.",
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clozeAnswer: "Krankschreibung",
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usageTip: "Also officially called 'Arbeitsunfähigkeitsbescheinigung' (AU), but everyone says 'Krankschreibung' in daily life."
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},
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{
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id: "v19",
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word: "untersuchen",
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article: null,
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plural: null,
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pos: "verb",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Health & Wellbeing",
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english: "to examine (a patient) / to investigate",
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breakdown: "unter- (inseparable here) + suchen (to seek)",
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forms: "untersucht • untersuchte • hat untersucht",
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exampleDe: "Der Arzt hat meinen Hals gründlich untersucht.",
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exampleEn: "The doctor examined my throat thoroughly.",
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clozeSentence: "Die Ärztin wird Ihr Knie gleich genau ___.",
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clozeAnswer: "untersuchen",
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usageTip: "Note that 'unter-' is inseparable here: stress is on '-suchen' -> 'Er hat mich untersucht' (no -ge-!)."
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},
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{
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id: "v20",
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word: "Verletzung",
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article: "die",
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plural: "die Verletzungen",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Health & Wellbeing",
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english: "injury",
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breakdown: "verletzen (to injure) + -ung (feminine)",
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forms: "sich verletzen (to injure oneself)",
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exampleDe: "Zum Glück war die Verletzung beim Fußballspielen nicht schlimm.",
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exampleEn: "Fortunately, the injury while playing soccer wasn't serious.",
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clozeSentence: "Wegen einer leichten ___ am Fuß kann ich heute nicht joggen.",
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clozeAnswer: "Verletzung",
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usageTip: "Reflective verb: 'Ich habe mich an der Hand verletzt' (I hurt/injured my hand)."
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},
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// === SOCIALIZING, WORK & CONVERSATION (Soziales & Beruf) ===
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{
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id: "v21",
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word: "Feierabend",
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article: "der",
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plural: "die Feierabende",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Social & Work",
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english: "end of the workday / evening off after work",
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breakdown: "Feier (celebration/rest) + Abend (evening)",
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forms: "Feierabend machen (to call it a day / finish work)",
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exampleDe: "Schönen Feierabend! Wir sehen uns morgen früh im Büro.",
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exampleEn: "Enjoy your evening off work! See you tomorrow morning at the office.",
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clozeSentence: "Es ist schon 18 Uhr — lass uns endlich ___ machen!",
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clozeAnswer: "Feierabend",
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usageTip: "One of the most quintessential German cultural words. When leaving work, always wish colleagues 'Schönen Feierabend!'"
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},
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{
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id: "v22",
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word: "vorschlagen",
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article: null,
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plural: null,
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pos: "verb (separable)",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Social & Work",
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english: "to suggest / to propose",
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breakdown: "vor- (separable: forward/before) + schlagen (to hit/strike)",
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forms: "schlägt vor • schlug vor • hat vorgeschlagen",
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exampleDe: "Was schlägst du für heute Abend vor? Wollen wir essen gehen?",
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exampleEn: "What do you suggest for tonight? Do we want to go out to eat?",
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clozeSentence: "Ich ___ ___, dass wir uns schon um 17 Uhr am Bahnhof treffen.",
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clozeAnswer: "schlage vor",
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usageTip: "The noun is 'der Vorschlag' (die Vorschläge) — 'Das ist ein super Vorschlag!' (That's a great suggestion!)."
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},
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{
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id: "v23",
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word: "Vorschlag",
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article: "der",
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plural: "die Vorschläge",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Social & Work",
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english: "suggestion / proposal",
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breakdown: "vor + Schlag (from vorschlagen)",
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forms: "einen Vorschlag machen (to make a suggestion)",
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exampleDe: "Ich bin mit deinem Vorschlag vollkommen einverstanden.",
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exampleEn: "I completely agree with your suggestion.",
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clozeSentence: "Hat noch jemand einen besseren ___ für unser Wochenendprogramm?",
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clozeAnswer: "Vorschlag",
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usageTip: "Notice how masculine nouns derived from strong verbs often take an Umlaut in the plural: der Vorschlag -> die Vorschläge."
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},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v24",
|
|
word: "einverstanden",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "adjective / adverb",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Social & Work",
|
|
english: "agreed / okay with something",
|
|
breakdown: "einverstanden sein mit (+ Dative)",
|
|
forms: "Einverstanden! (Agreed! / Deal!)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Bist du damit einverstanden, wenn wir uns etwas später treffen?",
|
|
exampleEn: "Are you okay with it if we meet a little later?",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Wir teilen uns die Rechnung fünfzig-fünfzig — bist du ___?",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "einverstanden",
|
|
usageTip: "Do NOT say 'Ich stimme dir einverstanden' — say 'Ich bin (damit) einverstanden' or 'Ich stimme dir zu'."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v25",
|
|
word: "begleiten",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "verb",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Social & Work",
|
|
english: "to accompany / to go along with someone",
|
|
breakdown: "be- (inseparable prefix) + gleiten/leiten",
|
|
forms: "begleitet • begleitete • hat begleitet",
|
|
exampleDe: "Soll ich dich zum Bürgeramt begleiten und beim Übersetzen helfen?",
|
|
exampleEn: "Should I accompany you to the civic office and help translate?",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Darf ich dich noch ein Stück bis zur U-Bahn-Station ___?",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "begleiten",
|
|
usageTip: "Inseparable verb (`be-`), so the past participle has no `ge-`: 'Sie hat mich nach Hause begleitet.'"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v26",
|
|
word: "erledigen",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "verb",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Social & Work",
|
|
english: "to take care of / to get done / to finish (tasks or errands)",
|
|
breakdown: "er- (inseparable: achieve/complete) + ledig (free/done)",
|
|
forms: "erledigt • erledigte • hat erledigt",
|
|
exampleDe: "Vor dem Urlaub muss ich noch ein paar wichtige Dinge erledigen.",
|
|
exampleEn: "Before the vacation I still have to take care of a few important things.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Ich habe heute Vormittag schon alle meine Einkäufe ___.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "erledigt",
|
|
usageTip: "Colloquial bonus: 'Ich bin völlig erledigt!' means 'I am completely exhausted/wiped out!'"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v27",
|
|
word: "Verständnis",
|
|
article: "das",
|
|
plural: "die Verständnisse (rare)",
|
|
pos: "noun",
|
|
level: "B1",
|
|
category: "Social & Work",
|
|
english: "understanding / sympathy / comprehension",
|
|
breakdown: "verstehen (to understand) + -nis (usually neuter 'das')",
|
|
forms: "Verständnis haben für (+ Accusative)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Vielen Dank für Ihr Verständnis wegen der kurzen Verspätung.",
|
|
exampleEn: "Thank you very much for your understanding regarding the brief delay.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Auf jedem deutschen Bahnhof hört man: 'Wir bitten um Ihr ___.'",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "Verständnis",
|
|
usageTip: "Nouns ending in `-nis` are almost always `das` (das Verständnis, das Ergebnis, das Erlebnis), except 'die Erlaubnis' and 'die Kenntnis'."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v28",
|
|
word: "Erfahrung",
|
|
article: "die",
|
|
plural: "die Erfahrungen",
|
|
pos: "noun",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Social & Work",
|
|
english: "experience (knowledge/skill gained over time)",
|
|
breakdown: "erfahren (to experience/learn) + -ung (feminine)",
|
|
forms: "Erfahrung sammeln (to gain experience)",
|
|
exampleDe: "In meinem neuen Job konnte ich schon viele gute Erfahrungen sammeln.",
|
|
exampleEn: "In my new job I've already been able to gain lots of good experience.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Hast du schon ___ mit deutschen Behörden gemacht?",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "Erfahrung",
|
|
usageTip: "Compare 'die Erfahrung' (life/work experience gained over time) vs. 'das Erlebnis' (a single exciting event or adventure)."
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
// === HIGH-VALUE VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS & SEPARABLE VERBS ===
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v29",
|
|
word: "sich kümmern um",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "reflexive verb + prep",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Verbs & Expressions",
|
|
english: "to take care of / to look after",
|
|
breakdown: "sich (Accusative) + kümmern + um (+ Accusative)",
|
|
forms: "kümmert sich • kümmerte sich • hat sich gekümmert",
|
|
exampleDe: "Keine Sorge, ich kümmere mich um die Reservierung im Restaurant.",
|
|
exampleEn: "Don't worry, I'll take care of the reservation at the restaurant.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Wer ___ sich im Urlaub ___ deine Pflanzen?",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "kümmert um",
|
|
usageTip: "Always takes 'um + Accusative': 'Ich kümmere mich darum' (I'll take care of it)."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v30",
|
|
word: "sich freuen auf",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "reflexive verb + prep",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Verbs & Expressions",
|
|
english: "to look forward to (something in the future)",
|
|
breakdown: "sich freuen + AUF (future) vs. ÜBER (present/past)",
|
|
forms: "freut sich auf • freute sich auf • hat sich gefreut",
|
|
exampleDe: "Ich freue mich schon sehr auf unser gemeinsames Wochenende in München!",
|
|
exampleEn: "I am already looking forward very much to our weekend together in Munich!",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Worauf ___ du dich in diesem Sommer am meisten?",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "freust",
|
|
usageTip: "Crucial distinction: 'sich freuen AUF' = looking forward to (future); 'sich freuen ÜBER' = happy about (something that already happened)."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v31",
|
|
word: "teilnehmen an",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "verb (separable)",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Verbs & Expressions",
|
|
english: "to participate in / to take part in / to attend",
|
|
breakdown: "teil- (part) + nehmen (to take) + an (+ Dative)",
|
|
forms: "nimmt teil • nahm teil • hat teilgenommen",
|
|
exampleDe: "Möchtest du nächste Woche an unserem Deutsch-Stammtisch teilnehmen?",
|
|
exampleEn: "Would you like to take part in our German language meetup next week?",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Über zwanzig Personen ___ heute ___ dem Sprachkurs ___.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "nehmen an teil",
|
|
usageTip: "Takes 'an + Dative': 'an der Besprechung teilnehmen' (to attend/participate in the meeting)."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v32",
|
|
word: "stattfinden",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "verb (separable)",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Verbs & Expressions",
|
|
english: "to take place / to happen (for planned events)",
|
|
breakdown: "statt- (place/stead) + finden (to find)",
|
|
forms: "findet statt • fand statt • hat stattgefunden",
|
|
exampleDe: "Bei schlechtem Wetter findet das Konzert drinnen statt.",
|
|
exampleEn: "In bad weather, the concert takes place indoors.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Wann und wo ___ das Straßenfest dieses Jahr ___?",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "findet statt",
|
|
usageTip: "Use 'stattfinden' for scheduled events (meetings, concerts, markets) and 'passieren' for unexpected accidents/events."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v33",
|
|
word: "Bescheid geben",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "verb phrase",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Verbs & Expressions",
|
|
english: "to notify / to let someone know",
|
|
breakdown: "Bescheid (notice) + geben (+ Dative person)",
|
|
forms: "gibt Bescheid • gab Bescheid • hat Bescheid gegeben",
|
|
exampleDe: "Gibst du mir bitte kurz Bescheid, sobald du am Bahnhof bist?",
|
|
exampleEn: "Will you please let me know briefly as soon as you're at the station?",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Ich ___ dir spätestens morgen früh telefonisch ___.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "gebe Bescheid",
|
|
usageTip: "Takes Dative for the person: 'Gib MIR Bescheid!' (Let me know!)."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v34",
|
|
word: "abhängen von",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "verb (separable)",
|
|
level: "B1",
|
|
category: "Verbs & Expressions",
|
|
english: "to depend on",
|
|
breakdown: "ab- (separable) + hängen (to hang) + von (+ Dative)",
|
|
forms: "hängt ab • hing ab • hat abgehangen",
|
|
exampleDe: "Ob wir grillen können, hängt natürlich vom Wetter ab.",
|
|
exampleEn: "Whether we can barbecue naturally depends on the weather.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Der Preis für das Zugticket ___ stark ___ der Uhrzeit ___.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "hängt von ab",
|
|
usageTip: "Also super common: 'Es kommt darauf an' (It depends)."
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
// === TRAVEL, TRANSPORT & CULTURE (Reisen & Kultur) ===
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v35",
|
|
word: "Verbindung",
|
|
article: "die",
|
|
plural: "die Verbindungen",
|
|
pos: "noun",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Travel & Culture",
|
|
english: "connection (train/bus/internet/phone)",
|
|
breakdown: "verbinden (to connect) + -ung (feminine)",
|
|
forms: "eine gute Zugverbindung (a good train connection)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Ich suche gerade in der App nach einer schnellen Verbindung nach Hamburg.",
|
|
exampleEn: "I'm currently looking in the app for a fast connection to Hamburg.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Wegen der Verspätung habe ich leider meine Anschluss-___ verpasst.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "Verbindung",
|
|
usageTip: "Used constantly when traveling by Deutsche Bahn or checking Wi-Fi ('Internetverbindung')."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v36",
|
|
word: "Verspätung",
|
|
article: "die",
|
|
plural: "die Verspätungen",
|
|
pos: "noun",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Travel & Culture",
|
|
english: "delay / lateness",
|
|
breakdown: "verspäten (to be late) + -ung (feminine)",
|
|
forms: "Verspätung haben (to be delayed)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Der ICE nach Berlin hat heute leider zwanzig Minuten Verspätung.",
|
|
exampleEn: "The ICE train to Berlin unfortunately has a twenty-minute delay today.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Entschuldigung für meine kurze ___, die S-Bahn kam nicht.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "Verspätung",
|
|
usageTip: "Trains 'haben Verspätung'; people can also say 'Ich verspäte mich um 10 Minuten' (I'll be 10 minutes late)."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v37",
|
|
word: "umsteigen",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "verb (separable)",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Travel & Culture",
|
|
english: "to transfer / to change trains or buses",
|
|
breakdown: "um- (separable: change) + steigen (to climb/step)",
|
|
forms: "steigt um • stieg um • ist umgestiegen (uses 'sein'!)",
|
|
exampleDe: "In Frankfurt müssen wir einmal in den Regionalzug umsteigen.",
|
|
exampleEn: "In Frankfurt we have to transfer once to the regional train.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Die ganze Familie: einsteigen (board), aussteigen (exit), ___ (transfer)!",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "umsteigen",
|
|
usageTip: "Master the trio: 'einsteigen' (get on), 'aussteigen' (get off), 'umsteigen' (transfer). All use 'sein' in the perfect tense!"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v38",
|
|
word: "Unterkunft",
|
|
article: "die",
|
|
plural: "die Unterkünfte",
|
|
pos: "noun",
|
|
level: "B1",
|
|
category: "Travel & Culture",
|
|
english: "accommodation / lodging",
|
|
breakdown: "unter + Kunft (coming under roof — feminine like 'Ankunft' & 'Zukunft')",
|
|
forms: "eine Unterkunft buchen (to book accommodation)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Wir haben eine gemütliche Unterkunft direkt am Bodensee gefunden.",
|
|
exampleEn: "We found a cozy accommodation right on Lake Constance.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Suchst du für das Wochenende noch eine günstige ___?",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "Unterkunft",
|
|
usageTip: "Remember: 'die Ankunft' (arrival), 'die Auskunft' (information), 'die Unterkunft' (accommodation), 'die Zukunft' (future) are ALL feminine (`die`)!"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v39",
|
|
word: "Gelegenheit",
|
|
article: "die",
|
|
plural: "die Gelegenheiten",
|
|
pos: "noun",
|
|
level: "B1",
|
|
category: "Travel & Culture",
|
|
english: "opportunity / chance / occasion",
|
|
breakdown: "gelegen (situated/convenient) + -heit (always feminine 'die')",
|
|
forms: "bei Gelegenheit (when you get a chance)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Auf der Reise hatte ich endlich die Gelegenheit, viel Deutsch zu sprechen.",
|
|
exampleEn: "On the trip I finally had the opportunity to speak a lot of German.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Kannst du mir das Buch bei ___ wieder zurückgeben?",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "Gelegenheit",
|
|
usageTip: "'Bei Gelegenheit' is a super natural phrase meaning 'whenever it's convenient / when you get around to it'."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v40",
|
|
word: "Stimmung",
|
|
article: "die",
|
|
plural: "die Stimmungen",
|
|
pos: "noun",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Travel & Culture",
|
|
english: "atmosphere / mood / vibe",
|
|
breakdown: "stimmen (to tune) + -ung (feminine)",
|
|
forms: "gute Stimmung (good mood / great atmosphere)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Auf dem Weihnachtsmarkt war trotz der Kälte eine wunderbare Stimmung.",
|
|
exampleEn: "At the Christmas market there was a wonderful atmosphere despite the cold.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Die Musik hat auf der Feier für richtig gute ___ gesorgt.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "Stimmung",
|
|
usageTip: "When Germans want to say 'The vibe/atmosphere was great', they say 'Die Stimmung war super!'"
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
// === CONNECTORS, ADVERBS & FLUENCY BOOSTERS (Konnektoren & Redemittel) ===
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v41",
|
|
word: "obwohl",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "conjunction",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Fluency Connectors",
|
|
english: "although / even though (sends conjugated verb to the end!)",
|
|
breakdown: "Subordinating conjunction (Nebensatz -> verb at the end)",
|
|
forms: "Compare with: trotzdem (nevertheless, verb in position 2)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Er geht heute joggen, obwohl es draußen stark regnet.",
|
|
exampleEn: "He is going jogging today, although it is raining heavily outside.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Ich habe noch großen Hunger, ___ ich schon zu Mittag gegessen habe.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "obwohl",
|
|
usageTip: "Just like 'weil' and 'dass', 'obwohl' kicks the conjugated verb to the very end of its clause!"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v42",
|
|
word: "trotzdem",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "adverb / connector",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Fluency Connectors",
|
|
english: "nevertheless / anyway / despite that",
|
|
breakdown: "trotz (despite) + dem (that) — takes position 1, followed immediately by the verb!",
|
|
forms: "Es regnet; trotzdem gehe ich spazieren.",
|
|
exampleDe: "Die Prüfung war ziemlich schwer, aber ich habe sie trotzdem bestanden.",
|
|
exampleEn: "The exam was quite hard, but I passed it anyway.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Ich war gestern sehr müde; ___ bin ich zum Deutschkurs gegangen.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "trotzdem",
|
|
usageTip: "Unlike 'obwohl', when 'trotzdem' starts a clause, the verb comes immediately after it (Position 2): 'Trotzdem gehe ich...'"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v43",
|
|
word: "deshalb",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "adverb / connector",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Fluency Connectors",
|
|
english: "therefore / that's why / for that reason",
|
|
breakdown: "Synonyms: deswegen, darum, daher (all keep verb in position 2)",
|
|
forms: "Deshalb muss ich... (That's why I have to...)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Mein Fahrrad hat einen Platten, deshalb fahre ich heute mit dem Bus.",
|
|
exampleEn: "My bike has a flat tire, that's why I'm taking the bus today.",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Ich möchte mein Deutsch verbessern; ___ lerne ich jeden Tag im Kontext.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "deshalb",
|
|
usageTip: "Remember the inverted word order after 'deshalb': 'Deshalb FAHRE ich...' (NOT 'Deshalb ich fahre')."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v44",
|
|
word: "übrigens",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "adverb",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Fluency Connectors",
|
|
english: "by the way / incidentally",
|
|
breakdown: "From 'übrig' (remaining/left over)",
|
|
forms: "Übrigens, hast du schon gehört...?",
|
|
exampleDe: "Übrigens, das neue Café an der Ecke hat wirklich hervorragenden Kuchen!",
|
|
exampleEn: "By the way, the new café on the corner has really excellent cake!",
|
|
clozeSentence: "___ habe ich gestern zufällig deinen Bruder in der Stadt getroffen.",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "Übrigens",
|
|
usageTip: "Instant conversational fluency booster when changing or adding a topic."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v45",
|
|
word: "auf jeden Fall",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "phrase",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Fluency Connectors",
|
|
english: "definitely / by all means / in any case",
|
|
breakdown: "auf (on) + jeden (every, Acc.) + Fall (case)",
|
|
forms: "Opposite: auf keinen Fall (no way / under no circumstances)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Wenn du in Berlin bist, musst du mich auf jeden Fall besuchen!",
|
|
exampleEn: "When you're in Berlin, you definitely have to visit me!",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Kommst du morgen mit ins Kino? — Ja, ___!",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "auf jeden Fall",
|
|
usageTip: "Learn the pair together: 'auf jeden Fall' (definitely yes!) and 'auf keinen Fall' (definitely not!)."
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
id: "v46",
|
|
word: "Bescheid wissen",
|
|
article: null,
|
|
plural: null,
|
|
pos: "verb phrase",
|
|
level: "A2",
|
|
category: "Fluency Connectors",
|
|
english: "to know about it / to be in the picture",
|
|
breakdown: "Bescheid + wissen (weiß, wusste, hat gewusst) + über (+ Acc.)",
|
|
forms: "Ich weiß Bescheid! (Got it! / I know!)",
|
|
exampleDe: "Danke für die Info, dann weiß ich jetzt Bescheid!",
|
|
exampleEn: "Thanks for the info, then I know what's going on now!",
|
|
clozeSentence: "Hast du Lisa schon angerufen, damit sie wegen morgen ___?",
|
|
clozeAnswer: "Bescheid weiß",
|
|
usageTip: "Instead of saying 'Ich weiß' (which can sound blunt), Germans love saying 'Alles klar, ich weiß Bescheid!'"
|
|
},
|
|
{
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id: "v47",
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word: "Gewohnheit",
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article: "die",
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plural: "die Gewohnheiten",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "B1",
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category: "Fluency Connectors",
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english: "habit / custom",
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breakdown: "gewohnt (accustomed) + -heit (always feminine 'die')",
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forms: "aus Gewohnheit (out of habit)",
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exampleDe: "Jeden Morgen zehn Minuten laut Deutsch zu lesen ist eine gute Gewohnheit.",
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exampleEn: "Reading German aloud for ten minutes every morning is a good habit.",
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clozeSentence: "Trinkst du nachmittags aus ___ immer noch eine Tasse Kaffee?",
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clozeAnswer: "Gewohnheit",
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usageTip: "Related verb: 'sich gewöhnen an (+ Acc.)' = to get used to ('Ich habe mich schnell an das Wetter gewöhnt')."
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},
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{
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id: "v48",
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word: "Unterschied",
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article: "der",
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plural: "die Unterschiede",
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pos: "noun",
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level: "A2",
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category: "Fluency Connectors",
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english: "difference / distinction",
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breakdown: "unter + schied (from unterscheiden = to distinguish)",
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forms: "der Unterschied zwischen (+ Dative)",
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exampleDe: "Kannst du mir den Unterschied zwischen diesen beiden Wörtern erklären?",
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exampleEn: "Can you explain the difference between these two words to me?",
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clozeSentence: "Es macht einen großen ___, ob man Wörter nur passiv oder aktiv lernt.",
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clozeAnswer: "Unterschied",
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usageTip: "Essential question for learners: 'Was ist der Unterschied zwischen X und Y?'"
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}
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];
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